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Joseph Howe was born in Halifax (1804). He was a political leader and editor of the Halifax paper, the "Nova Scotian." Mostly due to Joseph Howe's efforts, Nova Scotia became the first self-governing colony in the whole British empire in 1848. Joseph served as premier of the colony from 1860 to 1863. Joseph fought for six years to block Nova Scotia from joining the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Mostly because Nova Scotia's membership was approved by Nova Scotia's legislature without allowing the citizens of Nova Scotia a vote. In 1869, Joseph Howe joined the Cabinet of Sir John A. Macdonald, as president of the Privy council in the Canadian Government. He was promoted to secretary of state for the Canadian provinces later in the year. He was also responsible for Native American Affairs. A few weeks before his death in 1873, he was appointed to lieutenant governor for Nova Scotia.